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Before purchasing RFID tags, you should first determine whether you have a good RFID system, RFID tag chip type, whether your use of the environment includes metal and moisture, whether you need to be resistant to high temperatures, what sensing distance you require, and so on. Then you can find the right RFID tags for you more quickly.
Questions about application
Do you want to achieve or solve any business goals or problems?
Is there a current system in place that would assist you in solving this problem and achieving this goal?
How would you describe and highlight your preferred application?
How much money do you intend to spend on the project?
In which country or continent will RFID be used?
What products or items do you want to tag and track?
How many reading zones or read points do you require?
Where do you want the antennas, computer items, readers, and the like to go?
Do you require software and installation, or would you prefer to purchase tags/hardware and install it yourself?
RFID Tags: An Overview
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags, also known as transponders, are small devices that use low-power radio waves to receive, store, and transmit data to nearby readers. RFID tags include important components such as an integrated circuit (IC) or microchip, a substrate material layer, and an antenna that keeps the components together.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are classified into three types. Active, passive, and semi-passive/battery-assisted passive tags are available. The power source and transmitter for active RFID tags are built into the tag. The power source for passive RFID tags is not present.
They are powered by the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the RFID reader. Within a passive tag configuration, semi-passive tags have a power source.
It is also important to note that RFID tags operate at three different frequencies: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) (UHF).
RFID tags can be attached to a variety of surfaces and come in a variety of designs and sizes. RFID tags are available in a variety of form factors, including dry inlays, wet inlays, wristbands, stickers, cards, labels, and a variety of others.
Because RFID tags come in a variety of read ranges, shapes, and sizes, you must choose the one that best suits your needs. Before purchasing an RFID tag, you must be certain of the application's requirements. This procedure requires you to narrow your search based on the specific features that the required RFID tag must have.
Some questions must be answered in order to determine the best type of tag for your application. If you want to tag more than one object, use a tag that will work for all of them.
When deciding on the type of tag to use, the first step is to understand why an RFID inlay/label or a hard-RFID tag is required.
RFID inlay is a functional feature of an RFID tag's label that encodes identifying information. The RFID inlay is as small as a grain of rice and uses radio-frequency waves to send data to a computer system via an RFID reader.
In addition, the RFID inlay is made up of two parts. A microchip or integrated circuit stores identifying information. This integrated circuit is connected to a small antenna made of silver, copper, or aluminum wires. The antenna, in turn, sends and receives radio-frequency signals.
The antenna and microchip are kept in the label, and the entire unit is plastic-coated. Furthermore, RFID inlays function when the data from the microchip is transmitted to the RFID tag's antenna. At that point, the RFID reader's antenna reads it. It is then sent to the computer system serving as the host to be stored, analyzed, or processed.
RFID inlays are generally classified as wet or dry. When an adhesive is added to an RFID inlay, it is referred to as wet. This is done to ensure that it adheres to the pressure-sensitive liner that makes up the label. In the absence of an adhesive, an inlay is attached to the label once it has dried.
RFID inlays enable the printing of barcodes and readable data. RFID inlays are more commonly used than hard tags for most applications. And one of the primary reasons is financial. RFID inlays differ in terms of reading range, size, adhesive preferences, printability, and other factors.
Merits
Reduced-cost
Simple to use
It can be used in conjunction with an RFID printer for bulk encoding/printing.
Demerits
It is not weatherproof.
It is only compatible with the adhesive attachment method.
Metal-mount models are scarce and expensive.
RFID inlays/labels: Concerns
How many items would you like to tag?
What is the life expectancy of the tags?
What are the tag size restrictions?
Will you tag metal, wood, plastic, or other materials?
Which RFID printer model will you use if you want to work with one?
Are there any extreme environmental conditions to consider, such as excessive cold, heat, moisture, vibrations, corrosive elements, and so on?
Are high-temperature adhesives required?
Is user memory required? Will the tag store anything other than the unique product code?
Do you require printing or special coding?
Is it necessary to perforate between labels?
RFID hard tags are made of materials such as ceramics, ABS, or plastics. RFID Hard tags are not made of paper like labels and inlays. RFID hard tags are also designed to meet specific application requirements such as increased cold and heat resistance, object embedding, and increased read range.
Because of their thickness and size, RFID hard tags are more expensive than inlays and labels. Surprisingly, these hard tags can cost as little as or as much as per tag. RFID hard tags, like inlays and labels, are relatively inexpensive when purchased in bulk.
RFID hard tags are available in a variety of shapes and sizes. They could be as small as a pencil or as large as a vehicle's license plate.
Merits
RFID hard tags are primarily determined by the features of the tags.
There are several attachment methods.
Demerits
RFID hard tags are more expensive than RFID inlays.
Encoding and labeling RFID hard tags is a time-consuming process. Furthermore, some models are unable to work with a label.
RFID Hard Tags: Concerns
How many items would you like to tag?
What kind of surface do you want to mark? (Metal, wood, plastic, and so on.)
How long do the tags last?
What reading range is required?
What are the size restrictions for RFID hard tags?
Are there any extreme environmental conditions that you should investigate? (Excessive cold, heat, UV rays, and so on.)
Which method of attachment will you employ? Are you going to use cable tiles, adhesives, screws, or rivets?
Do you require user memory?
Do you require printing or special coding?
What is your price range for each tag?
RFID Readers: An Overview
RFID fixed-readers are high-performance, stationary devices that can read and write tags in any application. RFID fixed-readers come in two varieties. The first are non-integrated readers connected to antennas via coaxial cable. In contrast, integrated readers combine an antenna and a reader into a single device.
If you have a basic understanding of the RFID world, you can easily set up fixed readers and use them whenever you want. Auxiliary multiplexer devices can also connect 1-64 antennas. With the RFID reader, you can collect data from an RFID tag that is used to track/monitor individual objects.
RFID Fixed Readers: Issues
In which country will the RFID reader be used?
Where are you going to put the reader?
How quickly will the tags pass through the read zone?
How many tags do you want to read at the same time?
How many antennas will you be using with this reader?
How will you motivate the reader?
Will there be any unusual environmental conditions to be aware of, such as excessive moisture, heat, or cold?
Will you connect the reader to the host computer directly or through a network?
Do you need any GPIO functionality, such as light-stacks?
Modules for Readers
Reader Modules are the RFID reader's computing component. In most cases, they are incorporated into an existing product design. They serve as the foundation for the creation of a unique RFID reader item. RFID reader modules are useless when left outside the box. The reason for this is that they are not complete products.
RFID reader modules require additional engineering to be functional. When working with RFID reader modules, the customer has more options for differentiating the frequency ranges of the modules. Furthermore, rather than being limited to an old reader's design, the customer can specify the processing power and sensor options.
Because the customer pays for the hardware that the application requires, large-scale integrations are more affordable when the project employs RFID reader modules; in this case, customers would forego readers that are engineered to exceed the needs and specifications of the application.
RFID Reader Modules: Concerns
Have you read a Reader Module Guide?
In which country will the RFID reader module be used?
How many tags would have to be read at the same time?
How many antennas would be used in conjunction with the reader module?
RFID Antennas and Cables Explained
RFID antennas and cables are essential in systems that use a fixed reader or a non-integrated reader module. An onboard antenna is used to produce integrated fixed readers and handheld readers. As a result, purchasing an antenna is unnecessary with these types of readers. Antennas have unique characteristics such as polarity, gain, and size.
This is why it is critical to understand what the application requires before selecting one. Coaxial cables are available in a variety of lengths, connector types, and insulation ratings that correspond to the connectors on the antennas and the selected readers.
When energy travels from the RFID reader through the cable to the RFID antenna, it dissipates and cannot be recovered. As a result, to ensure that every RFID antenna cable achieves the performance you desire for your application, deliberate steps must be taken to reduce the volume of loss.
If you want to select the best cable for the application, you must first select the antenna and reader.
The RFID antenna cable you select is determined by the following factors:
The cable length required to connect the reader to the antenna.
The desired read distance between the antenna and the RFID tag.
The gain of the antenna is used.
The loss increases as the cable length increases. However, by using a properly insulated higher-rated cable, you can reduce this loss. The disadvantage of using a higher-rated cable is that it is very thick and difficult to bend, unlike less-thick cables.
You can also use a lower-rated cable if your preferred read range is short. It is best to use a higher-rated cable to maximize the read range.
When selecting a cable, it is critical to consider the gain of the RFID antenna. This means taking into account things like cable rating and length, reader-power settings, and a slew of others. When you consider the antenna's gain, you'll realize it's just as important as the cable's nature in achieving your goal.
Questions about Antennas and Cables
What reading range volume is required?
Can you always know and control the RFID tag's orientation in relation to the position of the antenna in your application?
Do you have an idea of the ideal read zone based on dimensions?
Will you install the antenna outside, inside, or on a vehicle?
Are there any environmental conditions to consider, such as excessive moisture, heat, or cold?
Are there any size restrictions?
Will wall mounting brackets be required?
Which reader will you employ?
Which antenna are you going to use?
How far is it between the antenna and the reader?
Is it necessary for the cable to bend more than 45 degrees before connecting to the antenna?
RFID Printers: An Overview
RFID printers do more than just print; they also encode RFID inlays or labels. RFID printers have a wide range of essential applications. When combined with software, several rolls of tags can be printed efficiently and quickly.
When using applications with inlays or labels, it is often difficult to encode manually, due to the volume. However, with RFID printers, you will be surprised at how quickly and easily you can print.
RFID printers, unlike conventional printers, do not require ink. They do, however, work well with ribbon, which prints graphics or text on tags. Other than labels with a plastic or poly surface, tags with paper faces require a different type of ribbon.
You will need printer software to achieve the best results. One of the primary reasons for this is that you will be given standard features such as a label design. Furthermore, this software has a user-friendly interface that eliminates the need for you to write programming codes.
RFID printers: Concerns
What do you think your daily, weekly, or monthly printing volume will be?
Have you determined the size of the tags you want to print?
Have you decided what resolution you want on the printed label?
What kind of printer are you looking for? Do you want a network printer or one that connects directly to a host computer system?
Do you believe Wi-Fi will be required?
Questions about Printer Labels and Software
Will you use poly-faced or paper tags?
What printer model will you be using?
Will you use programming codes for the printer interface, or will you require additional software?
What features do you require from your printer software?
How many printers will be used in conjunction with the software?
Conclusion
After reading this guide, it is important to note that you must exercise extreme caution before purchasing RFID tags and equipment. Many people make the mistake of going into the market to buy RFID tags and related products without spending enough time learning about them.
Before purchasing RFID tags and equipment, you must be certain of your application requirements. This will help you make the best decision.
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