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What is RFID ?


RFID is a component of Automatic Identification and Data Capture technology. During an experiment with landline telephone systems in 1938, Bell Labs personnel discovered that putting a metallic object on loudspeakers reduces the sound. This phenomenon was later used to develop (passive) RFID tags and readers for automatic identification in the 1960s.

 

 

RFID tags store data (in the form of an ID) that an RFID reader can read. The most common application is animal tagging, in which ear tags are used to identify animals such as cows and sheep. The American Branders Association pioneered the use of passive (battery-free) RFID tags in 1971. NASA used active (battery-powered) RFID tags to track inventory movements in space shuttles in 1980. The Electronic Product Code was created in 1983 for retail use and was introduced in 1994.

 

 

 

In 1991, a group of MIT students gained access to the supermarket's laser checkout system, allowing them to operate independently of the clerk. This information was later applied to automatic toll collection systems, which aid in vehicle identification on toll roads.

 

 

 

RFID tags are now commonplace. They are used in hospitals for a variety of purposes, including patient identification, access control, and inventory tracking.

 

RFID Functions

RFID is a wireless technology that identifies and tracks objects by using radio waves. It takes advantage of the fact that all materials, even those that do not conduct electricity, reflect radio waves.

 

RFID tags are equipped with a chip and an antenna for this purpose. They have sufficient memory to store unique identifiers as well as small amounts of other data. The chip transmits data to a reader via the tag's antenna.

 

RFID tags come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but they all use one of three different operating mechanisms:

 

Tags that are passive. These tags lack a power source. They obtain all of the energy required for operation from radio waves generated by a reader device. As a result, they have a limited range and must be within a few inches of a reader in order to transmit data. Passive tags also have limited memory, which limits the amount of data they can store about an object or event.

Tags that are active. These tags have a power source, which is usually a lithium battery. As a result, they can cover greater distances. They also have more memory, allowing them to store more information about an object or event. They do, however, necessitate additional hardware, which raises their costs and reduces their reliability.

Tags that are semi-active. These tags combine active and passive tag characteristics. They are powered by a nearby source to generate radio waves, but they also have batteries to operate independently. Every time the tag transmits data back to the reader device, the batteries are recharged.

 

RFID System Advantages

RFID system technology has several advantages. RFID, as an automated identification system, can provide faster and more accurate inventory tracking than manual methods such as barcode scanning, which frequently requires manual backtracking. Other distinguishing features of RFID systems over barcodes include:

 

Increased reading range.

 

RFID readers can read tags from up to 100 meters away. This feature enables industries to track assets and monitor goods in transit.

Line-of-Sight is not required.

RFID tags can be read without having to align a barcode scanner and the tag. RFID readers can recognize tags that are oriented sideways, upside down, or stacked.

There is no requirement for tag orientation for readability.

Tags are not required to be read as they pass through the scanner. Instead, they can be scanned at any time after coming into contact with the reader.

There are no shadowing issues.

RFID systems use an omnidirectional antenna, so tags that are obscured or shaded can still be read.

High reading accuracy.

Even when pallets are moving at high speeds, RFID systems can read tags. This is preferable to barcodes, which have lower reading reliability as speed increases (for example, due to poor contrast or smearing caused by rain).

Operator training is minimal.

Because tags do not have to be perfectly aligned with scanners, RFID systems require little operator training. This means that associates with no specialized training can read and record data during pick/put-away processes, reducing the need for supervisory personnel to perform such tasks.

Lowers operational costs.

RFID technology automates previously labor-intensive shipping and receiving tasks. This automation can save businesses time and money by allowing employees to focus on higher-value activities.

Reduces the risk of identity theft.

RFID tags do not contain any personal data, so they do not pose the risk of identity theft that magnetic stripes do. This is critical for medical applications.

Barcode Readers

The concept of a barcode is simple, but the road to being able to use them in their current form has been long and difficult.

 

The idea of using patterns made up of bars or lines that machines can read to convey information was first proposed in 1879. The Universal Postal Union employee Friedrich Ludwig Georgii's patent (No. 202193 for "Art of Compiling Statistics") was the first known patent for using bars to encode data. 5

 

Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland of Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia filed a patent in 1949 that described a system for marking patterns on paper, but the system did not become widely used until the early 1970s, when devices to read the patterns were developed and widely available.

 

Barcodes have been around for decades, but they have come a long way since their inception. Barcodes can now be used for a variety of purposes, including inventory tracking and security.

How Barcode Systems Function

A barcode system includes both a barcode and a reader. The barcodes are scanned by the readers, which then send the digital data to a computer system. The data is decoded here and returned to its original form, making it easier to interpret.

 

Barcodes are classified into two types:

 

1-dimensional barcodes

2-dimensional barcodes

UPC and EAN codes are examples of 1-D barcodes. They have one line of vertical bars representing data. 2-D barcodes, on the other hand, have multiple lines of stacked and interleaved symbols representing multi-dimensional information.

 

Furthermore, 1-D barcodes require internet connectivity, whereas 2-D codes can function without it. As a result, if your data is likely to change frequently, you should use 1-D barcodes.

 

Advantages of a Barcode System Over an RFID System

While an RFID system is superior to a barcode system in many ways, there are several areas where the former outperforms the latter. The following are some of the benefits of barcodes over RFID systems:

 

Scalability. It is far easier to print barcodes than it is to attach RFID tags to every product. Barcodes are printed on packaging by printers that are widely available on the market at low prices, making them accessible to small retailers as well.

Reduced price. Barcodes are simpler to implement and do not require wireless resources, so they can only be used on wired networks, reducing installation costs.

Easy to maintain. Because barcode systems do not require maintenance, the overall process is simple.

Convenience. Barcode scanners are inexpensive and easily replaceable when they break. RFID, on the other hand, has a high initial cost, which means it must be well maintained to avoid excessive replacement costs.

What Is The Distinction Between RFID And A Barcode?

Both technologies have been around for decades, but have recently gained popularity as the manufacturing and retail industries adopt them. They both have distinct advantages, but they are better suited to specific tasks.

 

RFID has one major advantage over barcodes: it can be used with any type of device.

 

Because barcodes are read by handheld scanners, they are only useful in point-of-sale and inventory tracking systems.

 

RFID tags can also store more data than barcodes. When deciding between a barcode and an RFID system, consider your specific needs to determine which technology is best for you.

 

What Is the Difference Between Barcodes and RFID Labels?

Both technologies have advantages and disadvantages, so deciding between them requires an assessment of your specific requirements. If you're having trouble deciding which would be best for your company, here's a list of factors to consider.

 

Capacity for Data

RFID tags may be the way to go if you need to store a lot of data in your inventory. RFID tags, for example, offer more options than barcodes if your company ships products internationally and needs to keep track of product weights and dimensions for customs forms.

Price

Barcodes are typically less expensive than RFID tags, but the cost of tags is gradually decreasing as more businesses adopt them. Furthermore, some businesses may be eligible for third-party vendor discounts on barcode and RFID tag purchases.

 

What Will The Tags Be Used For?

Because tags can be used both indoors and outdoors, it is critical to consider the environment in which they will be used. RFID tags can withstand extreme heat and cold, making them ideal for outdoor use, whereas barcodes are better suited for indoor use.

 

Proximity

RFID readers must be within close proximity of their tags in order to read data. This makes it ideal for tracking objects as they move from one location to another. Barcodes work well over longer distances, making them an excellent choice for tracking items in large warehouses or distribution centers.

 

Efficiency

RFID tags are far more efficient than barcodes because they do not require data to be transmitted visually – everything is done wirelessly. Because barcodes must be scanned by humans, it is more difficult to detect errors in data entry because humans are not perfect.

 

Product Durability

RFID tags cost more than barcodes, but they last longer. If you have to choose between the two options for a product with a life expectancy of 100 years or more, RFID tags will almost certainly save you money.

 

Compatibility of Devices

Barcodes work with almost every mobile device, scanner, and printer on the market today. RFID systems necessitate the use of specialized hardware. If you need to track your inventory quickly, it may be difficult to find an RFID system that meets your requirements.

 

When Should Each System Be Used?

According to the above guidelines, barcodes are best used for tracking products over short distances. They're also useful in environments where tags are easily dirty or lost. RFID systems perform better in warehouses where inventory tracking requires a greater range. They can be less expensive than high-end barcode readers and work with a variety of devices and software.

 

Choosing between barcodes and RFID tags can be difficult, but it's a critical decision for any company that needs to track inventory. Here are some key points to think about as you make your decision:

 

Because barcodes allow for faster data entry than RFID systems, they are better suited for shorter ranges.

 

RFID systems provide more capabilities, but they are more expensive and difficult to find than barcodes.

 

Barcodes are ideal for tracking products over short distances, whereas RFID is ideal for inventory tracking in warehouses.

 

Barcodes work with almost all devices, scanners, and printers on the market today. RFID devices necessitate the use of specialized hardware.

 

Barcodes are less expensive than RFID tags, but they have a shorter lifespan. Tags are more expensive but last longer.

 

Before deciding on the best inventory tracking system for your company, keep your business objectives and needs in mind. Whatever option you select, the right software can help you get the most out of your inventory tracking system.


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